Global Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Opportunities and Forecast 2023-2030

  •   DLR2633
  •   July, 2022
  •   Pages: 120
  •  Global
Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Overview

Commercial cooking equipment is used in restaurants that lay more emphasis on the dining experience and ambiance. These types of equipment are also used to provide food services in schools and hospitals, which see extensive usage of cooking equipment such as ovens, deep fryers, etc.  The global Commercial Cooking Equipment market has been expanding to a large extent owing to the increasing demand from the hospitality sector in recent years. The rapid growth of the restaurant industry is seen with changing guest preferences and improved technology. These places have high demand and usage of cooking equipment such as ovens and fryers that has boosted the growth of the global Commercial Cooking Equipment market.
 
In addition, the introduction of new technologies such as virtual reality onboarding and automated purchasing tools have resulted in the growth of the restaurant industry. This fact rises the demand for commercial cooking equipment. Ultimately, it intensifies the growth of the global Commercial Cooking Equipment market. Furthermore, smart appliances have changed the face of commercial cooking equipment. Combination ovens offer the ability to maintain moisture levels and cooking times more precisely which helps restaurants to customize menu options and produce food faster. In addition, the benefits of a rapid cook oven are that it can capture grease, smoke, and steam. Such factors generate new opportunities for the commercial cooking equipment market.
 
On the other hand, restrictions in the design & construction of commercial kitchens may act as restraints for the growth of the commercial cooking equipment market.
 
Covid-19 Impact on Commercial Cooking Equipment Market

Consumers across the globe are adjusting to the new normal and there is a noteworthy discrepancy in consumer behavior. Consumer's purchasing habits, behavior, and attitudes have changed in light of COVID-19. People are shopping very consciously and are majorly centered on basic needs and are buying locally. Consumers are using digital commerce to play, learn, and connect to manage isolation and follow social distancing policy. The covid-19 has consistently impacted the shopping behavior of 9 in 10 consumers. Nearly 30-50 percent of the consumers have shifted towards online shopping from March 2020 to December 2020.

Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Segment Overview
 
Based on the Type, the Ranges segment is accounted for the largest share in the Commercial Cooking Equipment market in 2019 and is predictable to maintain its supremacy over the forecast period.  To offer the best services to customers, restaurants invest in cooking ranges that are time & space-saving as they can perform multiple functions such as cooking, frying, boiling, grilling, and baking which in turn propel the commercial cooking equipment market growth. Additionally, the fryer segment is projected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. According to End-Use, the Hotels & Restaurants segment has a significant share in the market.  This is attributable to the factors such as consumer preferences for fast food, increase in working women population, rise in disposable income, and rapid urbanization have resulted in a rise in the number of quick-service restaurants. This fact boosting the growth of this segment.
 
Commercial Cooking Equipment Market, By Type
·       Ovens
·       Ranges
·       Burners
·       Grills
·       Griddles
·       Deep Fryers
·       Other (Kettle, Steamer etc.)
 
Commercial Cooking Equipment Market, By End-Use
·       Hotels & Restaurants
·       Hospitals
·       Others (Ferry & Cruise, Institutional Canteens)

Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Regional Overview

In terms of region, North America dominates the Commercial Cooking Equipment market and is predictable to maintain its supremacy over the forecast period. This is attributable to the increase in the number of food joints such as hotels & restaurants which has propelled the demand for commercial cooking equipment in this region. On the other hand, the market in Asia-Pacific is estimated to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. China, India, and Japan are the dominant markets for commercial cooking equipment. Increasing use of commercial cooking equipment in the restaurant and hotel industry is expected to boost the growth of the market in this region.
 
Commercial Cooking Equipment Market, By Geography
 
·       North America (US & Canada)
·       Europe (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Russia & Rest of Europe)
·       Asia-Pacific (Japan, China, India, Australia, & South Korea, & Rest of Asia-Pacific)
·       LAMEA (Brazil, Saudi Arabia, UAE & Rest of LAMEA)

Commercial Cooking Equipment Market, Key Players

·       Alto-Shaam, Inc.
·       Bonnet International
·       Duke Manufacturing
·       G.S. Blodgett Corporation
·       Garland Group
·       Illinois Tool Works Inc.
·       The Middleby Corporation

Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Study Global Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027

    1. Introduction

    • 1.1. Research Scope
    • 1.2. Market Segmentation
    • 1.3. Research Methodology
    • 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions

    2. Executive Summary

      3. Market Dynamics

      • 3.1. Market Drivers
      • 3.2. Market Restraints
      • 3.3. Market Opportunities

      4. Key Insights

      • 4.1. Key Emerging Trends – For Major Countries
      • 4.2. Latest Technological Advancement
      • 4.3. Regulatory Landscape
      • 4.4. Industry SWOT Analysis
      • 4.5. Porters Five Forces Analysis

      5. Global Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027

      • 5.1. Key Findings / Summary
      • 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Type
        • 5.2.1. Ovens
        • 5.2.2. Ranges
        • 5.2.3. Burners
        • 5.2.4. Grills
        • 5.2.5. Griddles
        • 5.2.6. Deep Fryers
        • 5.2.7. Other (Kettle, Steamer etc.)
      • 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By End-Use
        • 5.3.1. Hotels & Restaurants
        • 5.3.2. Hospitals
        • 5.3.3. Others (Ferry & Cruise, Institutional Canteens)
      • 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Region
        • 5.4.1. North America
        • 5.4.2. Europe
        • 5.4.3. Asia Pacific
        • 5.4.4. Latin America, Middle East and Africa

      6. North America Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027

      • 6.1. Key Findings / Summary
      • 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Type
        • 6.2.1. Ovens
        • 6.2.2. Ranges
        • 6.2.3. Burners
        • 6.2.4. Grills
        • 6.2.5. Griddles
        • 6.2.6. Deep Fryers
        • 6.2.7. Other (Kettle, Steamer etc.)
      • 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By End-Use
        • 6.3.1. Hotels & Restaurants
        • 6.3.2. Hospitals
        • 6.3.3. Others (Ferry & Cruise, Institutional Canteens)
      • 6.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Country
        • 6.4.1. U.S.
        • 6.4.2. Canada

      7. Europe Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027

      • 7.1. Key Findings / Summary
      • 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Type
        • 7.2.1. Ovens
        • 7.2.2. Ranges
        • 7.2.3. Burners
        • 7.2.4. Grills
        • 7.2.5. Griddles
        • 7.2.6. Deep Fryers
        • 7.2.7. Other (Kettle, Steamer etc.)
      • 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By End-Use
        • 7.3.1. Hotels & Restaurants
        • 7.3.2. Hospitals
        • 7.3.3. Others (Ferry & Cruise, Institutional Canteens)
      • 7.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Country
        • 7.4.1. UK
        • 7.4.2. Germany
        • 7.4.3. France
        • 7.4.4. Italy
        • 7.4.5. Spain
        • 7.4.6. Russia
        • 7.4.7. Rest of Europe

      8. Asia Pacific Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027

      • 8.1. Key Findings / Summary
      • 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Type
        • 8.2.1. Ovens
        • 8.2.2. Ranges
        • 8.2.3. Burners
        • 8.2.4. Grills
        • 8.2.5. Griddles
        • 8.2.6. Deep Fryers
        • 8.2.7. Other (Kettle, Steamer etc.)
      • 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By End-Use
        • 8.3.1. Hotels & Restaurants
        • 8.3.2. Hospitals
        • 8.3.3. Others (Ferry & Cruise, Institutional Canteens)
      • 8.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Country
        • 8.4.1. China
        • 8.4.2. India
        • 8.4.3. Japan
        • 8.4.4. Australia
        • 8.4.5. South East Asia
        • 8.4.6. Rest of Asia Pacific

      9. Latin America, Middle East and Africa Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027

      • 9.1. Key Findings / Summary
      • 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Type
        • 9.2.1. Ovens
        • 9.2.2. Ranges
        • 9.2.3. Burners
        • 9.2.4. Grills
        • 9.2.5. Griddles
        • 9.2.6. Deep Fryers
        • 9.2.7. Other (Kettle, Steamer etc.)
      • 9.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By End-Use
        • 9.3.1. Hotels & Restaurants
        • 9.3.2. Hospitals
        • 9.3.3. Others (Ferry & Cruise, Institutional Canteens)
      • 9.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Country
        • 9.4.1. Brazil
        • 9.4.2. Saudi Arabia
        • 9.4.3. UAE
        • 9.4.4. Rest of LAMEA

      10. Competitive Analysis

      • 10.1. Company Market Share Analysis, 2018
      • 10.2. Key Industry Developments
      • 10.3. Company Profile
      • 10.4. Alto-Shaam, Inc.
        • 10.4.1. Business Overview
        • 10.4.2. Segment 1 & Service Offering
        • 10.4.3. Overall Revenue
        • 10.4.4. Geographic Presence
        • 10.4.5. Recent Development
      *Similar details will be provided for the following companies
      • 10.5. Bonnet International
      • 10.6. Duke Manufacturing
      • 10.7. G.S. Blodgett Corporation
      • 10.8. Garland Group
      • 10.9. Illinois Tool Works Inc.
      List of Figures

      Figure 1: Global Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Revenue Breakdown (USD Billion, %) by Region, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 2: Global Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 3: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 4: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 5: Global Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 6: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 7: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 8: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 9: Global Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 10: Global Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 11: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 12: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 13: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 14: Global Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 15: Global Market Value (USD Billion), by Region, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 16: North America Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 17: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 18: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 19: North America Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 20: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 21: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 22: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 23: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 24: North America Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 25: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 26: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 27: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 28: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 29: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by U.S., 2016-2027
      Figure 30: North America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Canada, 2016-2027
      Figure 31: Latin America Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 32: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 33: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 34: Latin America Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 35: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 36: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 37: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 38: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 39: Latin America Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 40: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 41: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 42: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 43: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 44: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Brazil, 2016-2027
      Figure 45: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Mexico, 2016-2027
      Figure 46: Latin America Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Rest of Latin America, 2016-2027
      Figure 47: Europe Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 48: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 49: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 50: Europe Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 51: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 52: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 53: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 54: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 55: Europe Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 56: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 57: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 58: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 59: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 60: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by U.K., 2016-2027
      Figure 61: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Germany, 2016-2027
      Figure 62: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by France, 2016-2027
      Figure 63: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Italy, 2016-2027
      Figure 64: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Spain, 2016-2027
      Figure 65: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Russia, 2016-2027
      Figure 66: Europe Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Rest of Europe, 2016-2027
      Figure 67: Asia Pacific Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 68: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 69: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 70: Asia Pacific Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 71: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 72: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 73: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 74: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 75: Asia Pacific Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 76: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 77: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 78: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 79: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 80: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by China, 2016-2027
      Figure 81: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by India, 2016-2027
      Figure 82: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Japan, 2016-2027
      Figure 83: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Australia, 2016-2027
      Figure 84: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Southeast Asia, 2016-2027
      Figure 85: Asia Pacific Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Rest of Asia Pacific, 2016-2027
      Figure 86: Middle East & Africa Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 87: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 88: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 89: Middle East & Africa Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 90: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 91: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 92: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 93: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 94: Middle East & Africa Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
      Figure 95: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Figure 96: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Figure 97: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Figure 98: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
      Figure 99: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by GCC, 2016-2027
      Figure 100: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by South Africa, 2016-2027
      Figure 101: Middle East & Africa Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Rest of Middle East & Africa, 2016-2027 
      List of Tables
      Table 1: Global Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Table 2: Global Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Table 3: Global Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Table 4: Global Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Region, 2016-2027
      Table 5: North America Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Table 6: North America Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Table 7: North America Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Table 8: North America Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
      Table 9: Europe Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Table 10: Europe Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Table 11: Europe Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Table 12: Europe Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
      Table 13: Latin America Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Table 14: Latin America Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Table 15: Latin America Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Table 16: Latin America Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
      Table 17: Asia Pacific Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Table 18: Asia Pacific Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Table 19: Asia Pacific Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Table 20: Asia Pacific Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
      Table 21: Middle East & Africa Commercial Cooking Equipment Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
      Table 22: Middle East & Africa Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
      Table 23: Middle East & Africa Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
      Table 24: Middle East & Africa Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
      Research Process

      Data Library Research are conducted by industry experts who offer insight on industry structure, market segmentations technology assessment and competitive landscape (CL), and penetration, as well as on emerging trends. Their analysis is based on primary interviews (~ 80%) and secondary research (~ 20%) as well as years of professional expertise in their respective industries. Adding to this, by analysing historical trends and current market positions, our analysts predict where the market will be headed for the next five years. Furthermore, the varying trends of segment & categories geographically presented are also studied and the estimated based on the primary & secondary research.

      In this particular report from the supply side Data Library Research has conducted primary surveys (interviews) with the key level executives (VP, CEO’s, Marketing Director, Business Development Manager and SOFT) of the companies that active & prominent as well as the midsized organization

      FIGURE 1: DLR RESEARH PROCESS

      Primary Research

      Extensive primary research was conducted to gain a deeper insight of the market and industry performance. The analysis is based on both primary and secondary research as well as years of professional expertise in the respective industries.

      In addition to analysing current and historical trends, our analysts predict where the market is headed over the next five years.

      It varies by segment for these categories geographically presented in the list of market tables. Speaking about this particular report we have conducted primary surveys (interviews) with the key level executives (VP, CEO’s, Marketing Director, Business Development Manager and many more) of the major players active in the market.

      Secondary Research

      Secondary research was mainly used to collect and identify information useful for the extensive, technical, market-oriented, and Friend’s study of the Global Extra Neutral Alcohol. It was also used to obtain key information about major players, market classification and segmentation according to the industry trends, geographical markets, and developments related to the market and technology perspectives. For this study, analysts have gathered information from various credible sources, such as annual reports, sec filings, journals, white papers, SOFT presentations, and company web sites.

      Market Size Estimation

      Both, top-down and bottom-up approaches were used to estimate and validate the size of the Global market and to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall Extra Neutral Alcohol. The key players in the market were identified through secondary research and their market contributions in the respective geographies were determined through primary and secondary research.

      Forecast Model