Global Decorative Coatings Market, By Resin (Acrylics, Polyurethanes, Alkyds, Vinyl Acetate Emulsions, Epoxies, Other (Polyester And Fluropolymer)), By Technology (Water-Borne, Solvent-Borne, UV-Cured, Other (Powder-Based And Oil-Based)), By Application (Residential, Non-Residential), and opportunities and forecast 2020-2027
Decorative Coatings Market Overview
The global Decorative Coatings market is expected to witness high growth during the forecast period on account of growing end-use industries and technological advancements. Decorative coatings improve the esthetics and protect surfaces. Generally, they are applied to commercial and residential buildings. These coatings protect surfaces from elements such as UV radiation, moisture, and microbes. Further, decorative coatings include paints, wood stains or transparent coatings, enamels, and lacquers for floors, roofs, walls, ceilings, walkways, concrete surfaces, decks, pavements, and other building and construction applications. Therefore, increasing reconstruction and renovation activities in the construction sector are boosting the growth of the global Decorative Coatings market.
Furthermore, the economic growth in developing countries, rising investment in infrastructure, stringent environmental regulations, increasing purchasing power, and the rising demand for green and environment-friendly coatings are other important factors that escalating the growth of the global Decorative Coatings market. Again, growth in population and rise in urbanization in developing countries is estimated to propel the growth of the Decorative Coatings market.
The key companies in the global market are concentrate on developing new and innovative products to provide to the increasing demand for decorative coatings. Similarly, these companies are also spending heavily on research and development activities to stay relevant in the global market. This crucial factor is expected to support the development of the Decorative Coatings market.
Covid-19 Impact on Decorative Coatings Market
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic conditions have severely affected every sector around the world. Whereas, the chemicals and materials sectors were moderately affected during the pandemic. This is primarily due to the uncut demand for chemicals for healthcare, life science, and cleaning agents. However, other elements of chemical and material sectors such as paints, industrial oil, construction materials are facing diminution in demand. Strict lockdown resulted in a nearly 50-60% reduction in supply for raw materials, which directly affected the manufacturing process. Further, halt on many end-use industries directly affected the chemical demand all around the world.
Decorative Coatings Market Segment Overview
Based on Resin, the Acrylics segment is anticipated to lead the global Decorative Coatings market in the forthcoming years. The growth of the segment can be primarily attributed to the key advantages of acrylics. They have excellent gloss retention and color retention properties. Additionally, they also have high resistance to chalking and can maintain film clarity. In terms of technology, the Water-Borne segment is projected to expand rapidly in the coming period. This is due to their eco-friendly nature. In addition to this, Water-borne decorative coatings meet the standards imposed by the U.S. and European Union on VOC emissions.
Decorative Coatings Market, By Resin · Acrylics · Polyurethanes · Alkyds · Vinyl Acetate Emulsions · Epoxies · Other (Polyester And Fluropolymer)
Decorative Coatings Market, By Technology · Water-Borne · Solvent-Borne · UV-Cured · Other (Powder-Based And Oil-Based)
Decorative Coatings Market, By Application · Residential · Non-Residential
Decorative Coatings Market Regional Overview
In terms of region, North America is expected to be the most prominent region for the global Decorative Coatings market. This is due to the recovery of the construction industry. Also, major players operating in the decorative coatings market are focusing on acquisitions to boost their market share. This, in turn, is estimated to propel the growth of the market in this region. Similarly, Asia Pacific is anticipated to create profitable opportunities for the decorative coatings market during the forecast period. The demand for building and construction materials which includes decorative coatings is on the rise in the Asia Pacific countries, particularly China and India. This key fact contributes more to the market’s expansion in this region.
Decorative Coatings Market, By Geography
· North America (US & Canada) · Europe (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Russia & Rest of Europe) · Asia-Pacific (Japan, China, India, Australia, & South Korea, & Rest of Asia-Pacific) · LAMEA (Brazil, Saudi Arabia, UAE & Rest of LAMEA)
Decorative Coatings Market Competitor overview
Some key developments and strategies adopted by manufacturers in Decorative Coatings are highlighted below. · In September 2021, Allnex has launched the latest ECOWISE CHOICE portfolio of environmentally friendly products for building and decorative applications. With its new product portfolio, allnex is contributing to sustainable buildings around the world with environmentally friendly technologies such as waterborne, UV-curable, powder and formaldehyde-free crosslinking solutions making our living spaces healthier and extending the life of buildings.
Decorative Coatings Market, Key Players
· Akzo Nobel N.V · PPG Industries, Inc. · Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. · BASF Coatings GmbH · The Sherwin Williams Company · RPM International Inc. · Axalta Coating Systems · Clariant, Nippon Paint · Celanese Corporation
Decorative Coatings Market Study Global Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027
1. Introduction
1.1. Research Scope
1.2. Market Segmentation
1.3. Research Methodology
1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
2. Executive Summary
3. Market Dynamics
3.1. Market Drivers
3.2. Market Restraints
3.3. Market Opportunities
4. Key Insights
4.1. Key Emerging Trends – For Major Countries
4.2. Latest Technological Advancement
4.3. Regulatory Landscape
4.4. Industry SWOT Analysis
4.5. Porters Five Forces Analysis
5. Global Decorative Coatings Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027
5.1. Key Findings / Summary
5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Resin
5.2.1. Acrylics
5.2.2. Polyurethanes
5.2.3. Alkyds
5.2.4. Vinyl Acetate Emulsions
5.2.5. Epoxies
5.2.6. Other (Polyester And Fluropolymer)
5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Technology
5.3.1. Water-Borne
5.3.2. Solvent-Borne
5.3.3. UV-Cured
5.3.4. Other (Powder-Based And Oil-Based)
5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Application
5.4.1. Residential
5.4.2. Non-Residential
5.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Region
5.5.1. North America
5.5.2. Europe
5.5.3. Asia Pacific
5.5.4. Latin America, Middle East and Africa
6. North America Decorative Coatings Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027
6.1. Key Findings / Summary
6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Resin
6.2.1. Acrylics
6.2.2. Polyurethanes
6.2.3. Alkyds
6.2.4. Vinyl Acetate Emulsions
6.2.5. Epoxies
6.2.6. Other (Polyester And Fluropolymer)
6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Technology
6.3.1. Water-Borne
6.3.2. Solvent-Borne
6.3.3. UV-Cured
6.3.4. Other (Powder-Based And Oil-Based)
6.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Application
6.4.1. Residential
6.4.2. Non-Residential
6.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Country
6.5.1. U.S.
6.5.2. Canada
7. Europe Decorative Coatings Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027
7.1. Key Findings / Summary
7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Resin
7.2.1. Acrylics
7.2.2. Polyurethanes
7.2.3. Alkyds
7.2.4. Vinyl Acetate Emulsions
7.2.5. Epoxies
7.2.6. Other (Polyester And Fluropolymer)
7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Technology
7.3.1. Water-Borne
7.3.2. Solvent-Borne
7.3.3. UV-Cured
7.3.4. Other (Powder-Based And Oil-Based)
7.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Application
7.4.1. Residential
7.4.2. Non-Residential
7.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Country
7.5.1. UK
7.5.2. Germany
7.5.3. France
7.5.4. Italy
7.5.5. Spain
7.5.6. Russia
7.5.7. Rest of Europe
8. Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027
8.1. Key Findings / Summary
8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Resin
8.2.1. Acrylics
8.2.2. Polyurethanes
8.2.3. Alkyds
8.2.4. Vinyl Acetate Emulsions
8.2.5. Epoxies
8.2.6. Other (Polyester And Fluropolymer)
8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Technology
8.3.1. Water-Borne
8.3.2. Solvent-Borne
8.3.3. UV-Cured
8.3.4. Other (Powder-Based And Oil-Based)
8.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Application
8.4.1. Residential
8.4.2. Non-Residential
8.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Country
8.5.1. China
8.5.2. India
8.5.3. Japan
8.5.4. Australia
8.5.5. South East Asia
8.5.6. Rest of Asia Pacific
9. Latin America, Middle East and Africa Decorative Coatings Market Analysis (USD Billion), Insights and Forecast, 2020-2027
9.1. Key Findings / Summary
9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Resin
9.2.1. Acrylics
9.2.2. Polyurethanes
9.2.3. Alkyds
9.2.4. Vinyl Acetate Emulsions
9.2.5. Epoxies
9.2.6. Other (Polyester And Fluropolymer)
9.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Technology
9.3.1. Water-Borne
9.3.2. Solvent-Borne
9.3.3. UV-Cured
9.3.4. Other (Powder-Based And Oil-Based)
9.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Application
9.4.1. Residential
9.4.2. Non-Residential
9.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Country
9.5.1. Brazil
9.5.2. Saudi Arabia
9.5.3. UAE
9.5.4. Rest of LAMEA
10. Competitive Analysis
10.1. Company Market Share Analysis, 2018
10.2. Key Industry Developments
10.3. Company Profile
10.4. Akzo Nobel N.V
10.4.1. Business Overview
10.4.2. Segment 1 & Service Offering
10.4.3. Overall Revenue
10.4.4. Geographic Presence
10.4.5. Recent Development
*Similar details will be provided for the following companies
10.5. PPG Industries, Inc.
10.6. Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.
10.7. BASF Coatings GmbH
10.8. The Sherwin Williams Company
10.9. RPM International Inc.
10.10. Axalta Coating Systems
10.11. Clariant, Nippon Paint
List of Figures
Figure 1: Global Decorative Coatings Market Revenue Breakdown (USD Billion, %) by Region, 2019 & 2027
Figure 2: Global Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
Figure 3: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 4: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 5: Global Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
Figure 6: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 7: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 8: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 9: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 10: Global Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
Figure 11: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 12: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 13: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 14: Global Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 15: Global Decorative Coatings Market Value (USD Billion), by Region, 2019 & 2027
Figure 16: North America Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
Figure 17: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 18: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 19: North America Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
Figure 20: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 21: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 22: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 23: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 24: North America Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
Figure 25: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 26: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 27: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 28: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 29: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by U.S., 2016-2027
Figure 30: North America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Canada, 2016-2027
Figure 31: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
Figure 32: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 33: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 34: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
Figure 35: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 36: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 37: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 38: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 39: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
Figure 40: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 41: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 42: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 43: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 44: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Brazil, 2016-2027
Figure 45: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Mexico, 2016-2027
Figure 46: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Rest of Latin America, 2016-2027
Figure 47: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
Figure 48: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 49: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 50: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
Figure 51: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 52: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 53: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 54: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 55: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
Figure 56: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 57: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 58: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 59: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 60: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by U.K., 2016-2027
Figure 61: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Germany, 2016-2027
Figure 62: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by France, 2016-2027
Figure 63: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Italy, 2016-2027
Figure 64: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Spain, 2016-2027
Figure 65: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Russia, 2016-2027
Figure 66: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Rest of Europe, 2016-2027
Figure 67: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
Figure 68: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 69: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 70: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
Figure 71: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 72: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 73: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 74: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 75: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
Figure 76: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 77: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 78: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 79: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 80: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by China, 2016-2027
Figure 81: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by India, 2016-2027
Figure 82: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Japan, 2016-2027
Figure 83: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Australia, 2016-2027
Figure 84: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Southeast Asia, 2016-2027
Figure 85: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Rest of Asia Pacific, 2016-2027
Figure 86: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 1, 2019 & 2027
Figure 87: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 88: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 89: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 2, 2019 & 2027
Figure 90: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 91: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 92: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 93: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 94: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Value Share (%), By Segment 3, 2019 & 2027
Figure 95: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 1, 2016-2027
Figure 96: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 2, 2016-2027
Figure 97: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Sub-Segment 3, 2016-2027
Figure 98: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 99: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by GCC, 2016-2027
Figure 100: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by South Africa, 2016-2027
Figure 101: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Forecast (USD Billion), by Rest of Middle East & Africa, 2016-2027
List of Tables
Table 1: Global Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
Table 2: Global Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
Table 3: Global Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
Table 4: Global Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Region, 2016-2027
Table 5: North America Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
Table 6: North America Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
Table 7: North America Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
Table 8: North America Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
Table 9: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
Table 10: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
Table 11: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
Table 12: Europe Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
Table 13: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
Table 14: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
Table 15: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
Table 16: Latin America Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
Table 17: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
Table 18: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
Table 19: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
Table 20: Asia Pacific Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
Table 21: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 1, 2016-2027
Table 22: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 2, 2016-2027
Table 23: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Segment 3, 2016-2027
Table 24: Middle East & Africa Decorative Coatings Market Revenue (USD Billion) Forecast, by Country, 2016-2027
